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The spinning pinwheel is a variation of the mouse pointer arrow, used in Apple's macOS to indicate that an application is busy.^[1]

Officially, the macOS Human Interface Guidelines refers to it as the spinning wait cursor,^[2] but it is also known by other names, including the spinning beach ball^[3], the spinning wheel of death^[4], the spinning beach ball of death,^[5] or the ferris wheel of death.

History[edit]

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A wristwatch was the first wait cursor in early versions of the classic Mac OS. Apple's HyperCard first popularized animated cursors, including a black-and-white spinning quartered circle resembling a beach ball. The beach-ball cursor was also adopted to indicate running script code in the HyperTalk-like AppleScript. The cursors could be advanced by repeated HyperTalk invocations of 'set cursor to busy'.

Wait cursors are activated by applications performing lengthy operations. Some versions of the Apple Installer used an animated 'counting hand' cursor. Other applications provided their own theme-appropriate custom cursors, such as a revolving Yin Yang symbol, Fetch's running dog, Retrospect's spinning tape, and Pro Tools' tapping fingers. Apple provided standard interfaces for animating cursors: originally the Cursor Utilities (SpinCursor, RotateCursor)^[6] and, in Mac OS 8 and later, the Appearance Manager (SetAnimatedThemeCursor).^[7]

From NeXTStep to Mac OS X[edit]

NeXTStep 1.0 used a monochrome icon resembling a spinning magneto-optical disk.^[a] Some NeXT computers included an optical drive which was often slower than a magnetic hard drive and so was a common reason for the wait cursor to appear.

When color support was added in NeXTStep 2.0, color versions of all icons were added. The wait cursor was updated to reflect the bright rainbow surface of these removable disks, and that icon remained even when later machines began using hard disk drives as primary storage. Contemporary CD Rom drives were even slower (at 1x, 150 kbit/s).^[b]

With the arrival of Mac OS X the wait cursor was often called the 'spinning beach ball' in the press,^[8] presumably by authors not knowing its NeXT history or relating it to the hypercard wait cursor.

The two-dimensional appearance was kept essentially unchanged^[c] from NeXT to Rhapsody/Mac OS X Server 1.0 which otherwise had a user interface design resembling Mac OS 8/Platinum theme, and through Mac OS X 10.0/Cheetah and Mac OS X 10.1/Puma, which introduced the Aqua user interface theme.

Mac OS X 10.2/Jaguar gave the cursor a glossy rounded 'gumdrop' look in keeping with other OS X interface elements.^[9]In OS X 10.10, the entire pinwheel rotates (previously only the overlaying translucent layer moved).With OS X 10.11 El Capitan the spinning wait-cursor's design was updated. It now has less shadowing and has brighter, more solid colors to better match the design of the user interface. The colors also turn with the spinning, not just the texture.

System usage[edit]

In single-tasking operating systems like the original Macintosh operating system, the wait cursor might indicate that the computer was completely unresponsive to user input, or just indicate that response may temporarily be slower than usual due to disk access. This changed in multitasking operating systems such as System Software 5, where it is usually possible to switch to another application and continue to work there. Individual applications could also choose to display the wait cursor during long operations (and these were often able to be cancelled with a keyboard command).

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After the transition to Mac OS X (macOS), Apple narrowed the wait cursor meaning. The display of the wait cursor is now controlled only by the operating system, not by the application. This could indicate that the application was in an infinite loop, or just performing a lengthy operation and ignoring events. Each application has an event queue that receives events from the operating system (for example, key presses and mouse button clicks); and if an application takes longer than 2 seconds^[10] to process the events in its event queue (regardless of the cause), the operating system displays the wait cursor whenever the cursor hovers over that application's windows.

This is meant to indicate that the application is temporarily unresponsive, a state from which the application should recover. It also may indicate that all or part of the application has entered an unrecoverable state or an infinite loop. During this time the user may be prevented from closing, resizing, or even minimizing the windows of the affected application (although moving the window is still possible in OS X, as well as previously hidden parts of the window being usually redrawn, even when the application is otherwise unresponsive). While one application is unresponsive, typically other applications are usable. File system and network delays are another common cause.

Guidelines, tools and methods for developers[edit]

By default, events (and any actions they initiate) are processed sequentially, which works well when each event involves a trivial amount of processing, the spinning wait cursor appearing until the operation is complete. If processing takes long, the application will appear unresponsive. Developers may prevent this by using separate threads for lengthy processing, allowing the application's main thread to continue responding to external events. However, this greatly increases the application complexity. Another approach is to divide the work into smaller packets and use NSRunLoop or Grand Central Dispatch.

• Bugs in applications can cause them to stop responding to events; for instance, an infinite loop or a deadlock. Applications thus afflicted rarely recover.
• Problems with the virtual memory system—such as slow paging caused by a spun-down hard disk or disk read-errors—will cause the wait cursor to appear across multiple applications, until the hard disk and virtual memory system recover.

Instruments is an application that comes with the Mac OS X Developer Tools. Along with its other functions, it allows the user to monitor and sample applications that are either not responding or performing a lengthy operation. Each time an application does not respond and the spinning wait cursor is activated, Instruments can sample the process to determine which code is causing the application to stop responding. With this information, the developer can rewrite code to avoid the cursor being activated.

Apple's guidelines suggest that developers try to avoid invoking the spinning wait cursor, and suggest other user interface indicators, such as an asynchronous progress indicator.

Alternate names[edit]

The spinning wait cursor is commonly referred to as the (Spinning) x (of Death/Doom).^[d] The most common words or phrases x can be replaced with include:

• Disk
• (Beach) Ball^[11][12]
• (Rainbow) wheel
• Pinwheel
• Pizza^[e]
• Pie
• Marble
• Lollipop

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

1. ^NeXT Optical Discs, Photo of the underside, showing the rainbow effect depicted on the icon (a then new type of media that was built into the early NeXT Cubes.)
2. ^often an external AppleCD drive was used
3. ^not a single bit was changed
4. ^named after the Blue Screen of Death
5. ^frequently encountered across Mac users forums as The SPOD

References[edit]

1. ^'Mini-Tutorial: The dreaded spinning pinwheel; Avoiding unresponsiveness/slow-downs in Mac OS X'. CNet. 10 March 2005. Retrieved 16 July 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
2. ^'macOS Human Interface Guidelines: Pointers'. developer.apple.com. Retrieved 2018-01-24.
3. ^'Troubleshoot the spinning beach ball'. Macworld. 2010-05-28. Retrieved 2020-03-22.
4. ^'How to Fix a Spinning Wheel of Death on Mac'. MacPaw. Retrieved 2020-03-22.
5. ^'Frozen: How to Force Quit an OS X App Showing a Spinning Beachball of Death – The Mac Observer'. www.macobserver.com. Retrieved 2020-03-22.
6. ^'Using the Cursor Utilities (IM: Im)'. Developer.apple.com. Retrieved 2010-04-30.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
7. ^'SetAnimatedThemeCursor'. Developer.apple.com. Retrieved 2010-04-30.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
8. ^Macworld 2002-04-01
9. ^Ars Technica Jaguar review: 'The dreading 'spinning rainbow disc' has an all new look in Jaguar'
10. ^'WWDC 2012 – Session 709 – What's New in the File System'(PDF). Apple. Retrieved 2018-05-23. Applications SPOD if they don’t service the event loop for two secondsCS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
11. ^Swain, Gregory E. (28 May 2010). 'Troubleshoot the spinning beach ball'. ((MacWorld)). Retrieved 16 July 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
12. ^Todd, Charlie (9 March 2012). 'Spinning Beach Ball of Death'. ((Improv Everywhere)). Retrieved 16 July 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)

External links[edit]

• Apple Human Interface Guidelines: Standard Cursors from Apple's website.
• Perceived Responsiveness: Avoid the Spinning Cursor from Apple's website.
• Troubleshooting the 'Spinning Beach Ball of Death' Excerpt from “Troubleshooting Mac OS X” book where there are some information on how to deal with Spinning Wait Cursor problems.

About MAC Address Lookup Tool

MAC Address Lookup Tool searches your MAC Address or OUI in mac address vendor database. The MAC Address vendor database consists of a list of mac addresses of all devices manufactured till date. Finding the mac address from this database tells us which manufacturer originally manufactured this device and what is the prefix, postfix of a given mac address, moreover it tells us what country was this device manufactured. All this information is useful if you want to verify the generated mac address with the original vendor of this device in OUI vendor database.

What is a MAC Address?

MAC Address or media access control address is a unique ID assigned to network interface cards (NICs). It is also known as a physical or hardware address. It identifies the hardware manufacturer and is used for network communication between devices in a network segment. MAC Address usually consists of six groups of two hexadecimal digits.

The network adapters or network interface cards always come with a MAC address which is fed into hardware, usually in read-only memory (ROM), or BIOS system. The physical address is stored into the NIC by its manufacturer, that is why this address is also called a burned-in address (BIA) or ethernet hardware address. There are several NIC manufacturers; some well-known of them are Dell, Cisco, Belkin.

What is an OUI?

The first three sets of two hexadecimal numbers in a MAC Address identifies the card manufacturer, and this number is called OUI (organizationally unique identifier). OUI is always the same for NICs manufactured by the same company. For example, let's say a network card manufactured by dell has a physical address: 00-14-22-04-25-37, in this address, 00-14-22 is the OUI of Dell which identifies that the device is by Dell. It may be interesting for you to know that all the OUIs are registered and assigned to the manufacturers by IEEE.

How to Find MAC Address?

To find MAC Address, see the instructions given below for popular operating systems.

How to Find MAC Address in Windows?

• Go to Command Prompt
• • Press Windows + R
  • Type cmd and press Enter

  OR

  • Click Start Button
  • Type cmd and press Enter
• In Command Prompt, type ipconfig/all and press Enter
• And locate for the 'Physical Address' or 'HWaddr' field. The Physical Address should be in format M:M:M:S:S:S. For example: 00-14-22-04-25-37

How to Find MAC Address in MacOS?

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• Click on Apple Menu (usually on top left corner), and click System Preferences
• In System Preferences, click View menu and select Network
• In the Network window that just opened, click the Wi-Fi, Ethernet, or Airport icon on left.
• Now click Advanced on bottom right.
• From the upper menu, click Hardware, and look for MAC Address field.
• Your MAC Address should be in the format: M:M:M:S:S:S. For example: 00-14-22-04-25-37

How to Find MAC Address in Linux or Unix?

• Perform the following as super user (or with appropriate permissions)
• • Type ifconfig -a
  • Look for 'eth0'. This is your default ethernet adapter
  • Now locate the field 'HWaddr'. The value displayed next to it is your MAC Address.
  • Your MAC Address should be in this format: 00-14-22-04-25-37

How to Find MAC Address in iOS?

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• Open Settings app.
• Tap on General option in settings.
• Now tap on About option.
• Locate the field Wi-Fi Address
• The value against this field is your MAC Address
• Your MAC Address should be in the format: M:M:M:S:S:S. For example: 00-14-22-04-25-37

Finding a MAC Address in Android

• Method 1:
• • Open Settings app.
  • Select the option Wireless & Networks
  • Select Wi-Fi Settings
  • Select Advanced, and your wireless network card's MAC Address should appear here.
• Method 2:
• • Open Settings app.
  • Select the option About Device
  • Tap on the option Hardware Info
  • Select Advanced, and your wireless network card's MAC Address should appear here.