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1. The Power Mac G4 is a series of personal computers designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. From 1999 to 2004 as part of the Power Macintosh line. Built around the PowerPC G4 series of microprocessors, the Power Mac G4 was marketed by Apple as the first 'personal supercomputers', reaching speeds of 4 to 20 gigaFLOPS.
2. But what made the Power Macintosh G4 (MDD 2003) special wasn’t its specs, rather the fact it could boot into Mac OS 9. This last G4 tower was the final life raft for those clinging to Mac OS 9. The dual 1.25 GHz model was the fastest ever to run the OS, and many of them served publishers and educators well into the G5 and early Intel years.

On June 7, 2000, online Mac upgrade reseller MacCPU voluntarily closed its cyber-doors and shut down permanently. MacCPU principal Bob Moriarty explained dyspeptically in a column on MacNN that while, in his opinion, “CPU upgrades remain the single best idea we have ever seen in computing after the Macintosh Operating System . . . Apple wants to kill the upgrade market, and sooner or later you better listen when an 800-pound gorilla wants to sleep in your bed.”

During 2003's WWDC keynote address, Jobs unveiled a Power Mac that features a processor from IBM's PowerPC G5 product line. At the time, the Power Mac G5 was the first personal computer to feature a 64-bit processor. Despite promise of a 3 GHz Power Mac G5 within 12 months of the Power Mac G5's release, such a product was never released.

“Face it guys,” concluded Bob, “the upgrade game is over… no one can afford to support upgrades in this market. MacCPU is dead and we will find something more interesting to occupy our time.”

With respect to Bob, who I suspect was dealing with many vexatious frustrations at the time, the Mac upgrade game is far from over. In some respects, it’s never been better, with at least five upgrade manufacturers competing in the Mac upgrade market.

True, Apple is hostile to upgrading and will likely remain so, but the upgraders are an innovative bunch who have proved adept at finding workarounds to the obstacles Apple insists on throwing into their path.

Blue & White Power Mac G3 ROM block? Quickly dealt with. “Non-upgradeable” iMacs, PowerBooks, and 6X00 machines? Less quickly, but now addressed. No Mac OS X support for older Macs upgraded to G3 or G4? Both Sonnet and XLR8 have announced that at least most of their G3 and G4 upgrades will be OS X compatible, and it is expected that the others will follow suit by the time it becomes a practical concern.

Until fairly recently, the economics of processor upgrades had been somewhat dubious (at best) in most cases. No longer. Competition has driven the cost of upgrading, say, a 604-based Power Mac or clone to G3 power to well under $200 for modest clock speeds, and even G4 upgrades are economical for a machine that is tricked out with a lot of RAM, storage media, and peripherals. Apple currently has no new Macs that match the high-end pre-G3 6-PCI slot Power Macs, Umax SuperMacs, and PowerTowers for versatility and expandability. Upgrades for those machines are a no-brainer.

As Newer Technology put it so well in a recent press release:

The upgrade adds years of user-satisfaction to an expensive computer that would otherwise become a source of regret. Nearly all customers have regret, or remorse, as new hardware is introduced. They begin to feel animosity towards their existing hardware. This upgrade is designed to erase those feelings and promote platform happiness.

Regrettably, the inescapable inference is that while Apple wants you to upgrade, they prefer you to buy your faster processor with a new Mac wrapped around it. IMHO, that is wasteful and an insult to customers, especially people with higher end machines who have shelled out thousands of dollars to buy an Apple product, only to have it obsoleted within two years.

The lack of an upgrade path has been a particularly bitter pill to swallow for owners of several Mac models that are, at least thus far, non-upgradeable. Notable examples include the PowerBook 5300 and PowerBook 3400, the original Kanga PowerBook G3, and the Power Mac 7200. In the case of the PowerBooks, the higher-end versions were some of the most expensive Macs ever made, and in all cases, these non-upgradeable Macs have depreciated much faster than lesser machines that are upgradeable.

The PowerBook G3 Series and the iMac were also considered unlikely upgrade candidates, even though – unlike the machines listed in the foregoing paragraph – they have their processors mounted on a removable daughter card, not soldered to the motherboard because Apple deliberately opted to mount the boot ROMs on the daughter card as well. Since Apple does not license its ROMs to third-party developers, this was assumed to be an effective impediment to upgrading. However, two great makers so far have now found ways around this obstacle.

PowerLogix’s iForce 400 and 500 MHz upgrades are compatible with the iMac 233 MHz, 266 MHz, or 333 MHz (Rev. A-D). Newer Technology’s iMAXpowr G3 466 upgrade supports the same machines.

Similarly, Newer’s MAXpowr G3-PB 466 upgrade supports WallStreet and Lombard G3 Series PowerBooks, while PowerLogix’s Blue Chip G3 400 and 500 MHz upgrades currently support WallStreet PowerBooks, with Lombard support to come soon.

The similarity between the iMac and PowerBook G3 upgrades from these two companies is no coincidence since these Macs are quite similar under the hood.

As for more traditionally upgradeable Macs, a comprehensive listing of what is available is beyond the scope of this article, so I’ll just briefly introduce the five main Mac upgrade makers and skim over what they offer, then steer you to the appropriate Web pages for more detail.

In alphabetical order:

Met@box

German upgrade maker Met@box Corporation is the newest player in the North American Mac upgrade market. Met@box’s joeCARD upgrades have been produced and marketed in Germany, Europe, and Japan for the last two years and have won awards from the European Macintosh Press, including Editor’s Choice from MacWelt and best performance from MacUp magazine. An Austin, Texas-based US subsidiary was recently launched to market the joeCARD in the US market.

The company markets G3 and G4 upgrades for various Apple machines and Mac clones. Complete test results for the joeCARD upgrades are available on the Met@box website.

The parent company Met@box AG is listed on the Neuer Stock Exchange under the symbol: mbx.

Publisher’s note: Met@box is history and not even available in the Internet Archive.

Newer Technology

Aside from the already mentioned iMac and PowerBook G3 Series upgrades, Newer Technology offers G3 and G4 solutions to a very large cross-section of Macintosh owners. G4 units are available in two lines, and MAXpowr G3 upgrades are currently available in five different versions enabling new and old computer users to upgrade to G3 technology.

For a complete listing of what’s available from Newer, visit their product matrix Web page at <http://www.newertech.com/matrix/index.html>.

PowerLogix

Aside from the BlueChip G3 and iForce upgrades already mentioned, PowerLogix offers a wide variety of other Mac processor upgrades including the G3 PowerForce, G3 PowerForce ZIF, G4 PowerForce, G4 PowerForce ZIF, and ZForce models.

The PowerLogix ZForce card adapts ZIF-style (“zero insertion force”) processor modules for usage in PCI Power Macs (73XX through 96XX and equivalent clones). ZForce allows users to move G3 processors between PCI Power Macs and Power Mac G3s for maximum flexibility. Buy a G3 processor for your 9500, for example, and when you are ready for a faster processor, just pop in another ZIF card. You can also move your older G3 ZIF processor to another machine.

Any ZIF module (233/512k, 266/512k, 300/1 MB, 333/1 MB, and up) or any PowerLogix ZIF module can be moved between any Power Mac G3 and any PCI Power Mac. If you have more than one Mac, you can for example, and make good use of the leftover 233 Apple ZIF module by installing it in your 7500 or other PCI Power Mac.

Publisher’s note: PowerLogix is history; the above link goes to an archived version of their website.

Sonnet Technology

Sonnet Technology offers a wide variety of Mac processor upgrades including the Crescendo G3 and G4 NuBus cards for early Power Macs, the Encore G3 and G4 cards for Beige, Blue & White, and Graphite G3 and G4 Power Macs, the Crescendo G3 and G4/PCI cards for Power Mac PCI 7000 through 9000 series machines as well as Power Computing, Umax, Power Computing, Daystar, and Mactell clones.

Sonnet Presto upgrades for 680×0 Macs.

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Every Sonnet processor upgrade includes the Metronome Profiler Utility software, giving users useful system performance information such as processor type, speed, and bus speed.

Sonnet cards are among the easiest upgrades to install and do not require hardware configuration such as switches, jumpers, and control panels. The ability to move an upgrade card from one machine to another without the need to tweak any jumpers, switches or control panels is a significant advantage to users who want to maximize their flexibility and minimize long-term technical support requirements.

XLR8

XLR8 offers:

• MACh Speed G3 Upgrade Standard – G3 CPU Upgrade Card for 601/604 Power Macs and Clones
• MACh Carrier G3 Upgrade Upgradeable – G3 CPU Upgrade Cards for 601/604 Power Macs and Clones
• MACh Speed G3z Upgrade Standard – G3 CPU Upgrade Cards for all Power Macintosh G3 Systems and MACh Carrier
• MACh Carrier G4 Upgrade Upgradeable – G4 CPU Upgrade Cards for 601/604 Power Macs and Clones
• MACh Speed G4z Upgrade Standard – G4 CPU Upgrade Cards for Power Macintosh G3/G4 Systems and MACh Carrier
• Carrier ZIF Upgrade Adapter Universal adapter for installing G3/G4 ZIF upgrades in 601/604 Power Macs and Clones

Judging from the above, rumors of the Mac processor upgrade market’s death are greatly exaggerated. Indeed, one might argue that the Mac upgrade picture has been never better. With such a comprehensive range of attractive options available, the biggest problem is making up your mind which upgrade to choose.

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The Power Mac G4 is a series of personal computers designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. from 1999 to 2004 as part of the Power Macintosh line. Built around the PowerPC G4 series of microprocessors, the Power Mac G4 was marketed by Apple as the first 'personal supercomputers',^[1] reaching speeds of 4 to 20 gigaFLOPS. This was the first existing Macintosh product to be officially shortened as 'Mac', and is the last Mac able to boot into classic Mac OS.

The enclosure style introduced with the Power Macintosh G3 (Blue and White) was retained through the entire five-year production run of the Power Mac G4, albeit with significant changes to match Apple's evolving industrial design and to accommodate increasing cooling needs. The G4 and its enclosure were retired with the introduction of the Power Mac G5.

PCI Graphics/AGP Graphics/Gigabit Ethernet[edit]

The original Power Mac G4 was introduced at the Seybold conference in San Francisco on August 31, 1999.^[2] There were two variants, officially titled Power Mac G4 (AGP Graphics) with 400 MHz, 450 MHz and 500 MHz configurations available, and Power Mac G4 (PCI Graphics), with 350 MHz and 400 MHz configurations. Colloquially, this generation of Power Mac is referred to as 'Graphite', owing to the colors of the case being similar to the iMac G3 Graphite.

Apple originally planned to ship the 500 MHz configuration in October 1999, but they were forced to postpone this because of poor yield of the CPUs. In response, Apple reduced the clock speed of the processor in each configuration by 50 MHz (making the options 350 MHz, 400 MHz and 450 MHz), which caused some controversy because they did not lower the original prices accordingly.^[3]

The early 400 MHz (later 350 MHz) PCI-based version used a motherboard identical to the one used in Power Macintosh G3 (Blue and White) computers including the use of Zero Insertion Force (ZIF) processors sockets^[4] (minus the ADB port), in a 'graphite' colored case and with the new MotorolaPowerPC 7400 (G4) CPU. The higher-speed models, code name 'Sawtooth', used a greatly modified motherboard design with AGP 2x graphics (replacing the 66 MHz PCI slot).

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The PCI variant was discontinued at the end of 1999.^[5]

The machines featured DVD-ROM drives as standard. The 400 MHz and 450 MHz versions had 100 MBZip drives as standard equipment, and as an option on the 350 MHz Sawtooth. This series had a 100 MHzsystem bus and four PC100SDRAM slots for up to 2 GB of RAM (1.5 GB under Mac OS 9). The AGP Power Macs were the first to include an AirPort slot and DVI video port. The computers could house a total of three hard drives, two 128 GB ATA hard drives and up to a single 20GB SCSI hard drive, with the installation of a SCSI card.

The 500 MHz version was reintroduced on February 16, 2000, accompanied by 400 MHz and 450 MHz models. DVD-RAM and Zip drives featured on these later 450 MHz and 500 MHz versions and were an option on the 400 MHz.

The Power Mac G4 (Gigabit Ethernet) model was introduced at Macworld ExpoNew York on July 19, 2000; the new revision included dual-processor 450 MHz and 500 MHz versions, and a low-end single CPU 400 MHz model. It was also the first personal computer to include gigabit Ethernet as standard. Most people saw this revision as a stopgap release, because higher clocked G4s were not available; the G4’s Motorola XPC107 “Grackle” PCI/Memory controller prevented the G4 from hitting speeds higher than 500 MHz.^{[citation needed]} The dual 500 MHz models featured DVD-RAM optical drives. Zip drives were optional on all models. These models also introduced Apple's proprietary Apple Display Connector video port.

Digital Audio/Quicksilver[edit]

A new line with a revamped motherboard but retaining the familiar 'Graphite' case debuted on January 9, 2001. Known officially as the Power Mac G4 (Digital Audio), it is in effect a Quicksilver design inside the Graphite enclosure. Motorola had added a seventh pipeline stage in the new PowerPC G4 design to achieve faster clock frequencies. New features included a fourth PCI slot, a 133 MHz system bus, an improved 4X AGP slot, and a new 'digital audio' Tripath Class T amplifier sound system. The models were offered in 466 MHz, 533 MHz, dual 533 MHz, 667 MHz and 733 MHz configurations, the latter two using a newer PowerPC 7450 processor. The number of RAM slots was reduced to three, accommodating up to 1.5 Gigabytes of PC133SDRAM.

The 733 MHz model was the first Macintosh to include a built-in DVD-R or Apple-branded SuperDrive, the rest of the line became the first Macs to ship with CD-RW drives. This was also the first series of Macs to include an Nvidia graphics card, the GeForce 2MX.

At Macworld ExpoNew York on July 18, 2001, a new line debuted featuring a cosmetically redesigned case known as Quicksilver, and various upgrades to the specifications. It was available in 733 MHz, 867 MHz and dual 800 MHz configurations. The 733 MHz model was notable for not having a level three cache. The SuperDrive was offered on the mid-range 867 MHz model, and UltraATA/100 hard drives were offered on all models. The internal speaker received an upgrade, using a Harman/Kardon speaker.

The Quicksilver line received criticism in MacWorld's review for removing the 'eject' button and the manual eject pinhole, as well as the pass-through monitor power plug, and for the base specification of 128 MB RAM as being insufficient for running Mac OS X.^[6]

Updated Quicksilver machines, officially named Power Mac G4 (QuickSilver 2002), were introduced on January 28, 2002, with 800 MHz, 933 MHz and dual 1 GHz configurations. This was the first Mac to reach 1 GHz. Again, the low-end 800 MHz model did not include any level three cache. The graphics in this series were provided by an Nvidia GeForce4 MX400 card. Some of these models have ATA controllers with 48-bit LBA to accommodate hard drives larger than 128 GB.

Mirrored Drive Doors/FW800[edit]

Another generation of Apple Power Mac G4s, officially named 'Mirrored Drive Doors' (MDD), was introduced on August 13, 2002, featuring both a new Xserve-derived DDR motherboard architecture and a new case design. All models were available in dual processor configurations running at 867 MHz, 1 GHz or 1.25 GHz. As with the Xserves, the PowerPC 7455 CPU used does not have a DDR frontside bus, meaning the CPU of the 133MHz frontside bus models could use at most only 50% of the new system's theoretical memory bandwidth, providing no improvement over previous models. The rest was available to the graphics card and I/O systems. A single processor 1.25 GHz model would be the last Power Mac G4 the company offered to the public after the announcement of the new Power Mac G5, introduced in June 2003.

The last real update to the Power Mac G4 line came on January 28, 2003, offering dual 1.42 GHz PowerPC 7455 processors, with features not seen in previous DDR models: a built-in FireWire 800 connector, optional integrated Bluetooth, and optional integrated AirPort Extreme. These were also the first Power Macs that could not boot into Mac OS 9.

With the launch of the Power Mac G5 on June 23, 2003, Apple re-introduced the August 2002 Power Mac G4 because of perceived demand for Mac OS 9 machines. Between that, its low price-tag, and the delayed availability of Power Mac G5s, it proved a strong seller, albeit for a relatively short time. Production stopped on June 27, 2004, and the remaining inventory was liquidated, its discontinuation ending the 20-year legacy of Classic Mac OS support.

Timeline of Power Macintosh models

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

1. ^'Apple Unveils 'Personal Supercomputer''. SFGate.
2. ^'Apple steps up to G4 Macs'. ZDNet.
3. ^'The 400 MHz PowerMac Reviewed'. The Mac Observer. February 21, 2000. Retrieved October 19, 2008.
4. ^'The Apple Power Macintosh G4 400MHz PCI'. Forevermac.com. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
5. ^'Power Mac G4 (PCI Graphics) - Technical Specifications'.
6. ^'Hands on with the Power Mac G4/867'. MacWorld. August 25, 2001.